Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image

Bitcoin Magazine | May 24, 2013

Scroll to top

Top

  • EUR

  • 94.34
  • High: 94.66
    Avg: 93.63
    Low: 92.5
  • GBP

  • 79.6
  • High: 80.25
    Avg: 78.97
    Low: 78.38
  • USD

  • 122.89
  • High: 123.09
    Avg: 122.17
    Low: 121.01
20 Comments

Adam Kokesh on Bitcoin and Free Market Money

Adam Kokesh on Bitcoin and Free Market Money

The rising career of Adam Kokesh maintains a steady and distinct focus on liberty and individual empowerment.  Since serving in the United States Marine Corps in Iraq, he has built a reputation as an anti-war, pro-freedom activist and outspoken independent journalist.  His peaceful civil-disobedience and direct actions range from mega-phone powered outbursts to debatably awesome dance moves with clear and undeniable reactions from the institutions that he speaks-out against.  In the last two years Kokesh has been developing a presence with his show, Adam vs. The Man, which previously aired as a radio program in New Mexico then on the television network Russia Today and is currently “Anchoring the Internet, 7 days a week” via podcasts and his popular YouTube channel.

Internet communities are evolving at an incredible rate, creating phenomenal innovations, adjusting to the rapidly changing market and reshaping what it means to be free while war and civil unrest rage in the streets around the world as a result of government policies, global banks and corporate greed.  This is where Adam vs. The Man and Bitcoin collide.  Kokesh is driven to deliver the loud, brutally honest truth about systemic hypocrisy and the advantages of individual liberty and decentralized power where other media outlets present a less confrontational, more mainstream, almost always corporate/state-sponsored message.  Since the show currently exists without official sponsorship and, according to the website, “Adam hates selling advertising”, its success depends on community investment to continue broadcasting and it was suggestions from that community which led to his decision to accept Bitcoin to help fund his message of liberty.  Bitcoin is sprouting from the same notions of decentralized freedom and personal responsibility, fighting against impossibly gargantuan government and corporate sponsored fiat currency, so the opinion of an activist for that movement could help illuminate the advantages and potential of what might be the fastest growing alternative currency in the free market.

Do you see a lot of strength and advantage to Bitcoin being a free market currency?

Absolutely.  It’s huge that it has that advantage.

A lot of people who look at the problem of free market money versus government fiat currency turn to the obvious answer of having the commodity-backed currency that was actually the predecessor to fiat currency of some kind and we like to condemn the current government system with the Federal Reserve and the U.S. dollar because of its backless nature because there’s nothing backing it except for the promise of the government that they will basically steal from future generations to pay for the debts that we are accumulating with it currently.  Whereas Bitcoin kind of throws a lot of people like us for a loop and we go “Wait, wait, wait a second!  It’s just another fiat currency, right?” because there’s nothing backing it.  And while that’s true, the fact that it’s not backed by the promise of theft gives it a huge, huge, huge advantage over government fiat currency.

So, if you’re going to have a currency that’s not backed by something because it’s more effective or more efficient, what Bitcoin has done is found a way to make a viable currency that’s also not backed by a commodity but also, unlike the Federal Reserve system, not backed by the threat of force and the threat of violence.  So that’s very exciting and that’s a huge thing that sets it apart. Whether or not that’s the future, I don’t know.

I’m just excited to be a part of something that allows people to exchange value without paying the inflation tax.  That’s really the most important thing is that whatever we choose to use for currency, for a medium of exchange, that we’re not doing something or we haven’t chosen something that feeds into the system, that promotes violence, that promotes taxation, that promotes exploitation.  You could say that, based on the distribution system that launched Bitcoin, it was similarly unfair and even though there wasn’t a central authority there was a point of origin but it still has a vastly superior function in the market, compared to the dollar, because it’s an honest, open currency.

So, whether or not it’s going to replace the dollar, whether or not it’s going to be the future of trade, I don’t know.  But there are all sorts of alternative currencies springing up all over the world, as the government fiat currency systems collapse and it’s very exciting to see that Bitcoin is providing one possible alternative.  Personally, my hunch is that it will be an interim currency and that we will see something instituted or perhaps Bitcoin will evolve.  Who knows, maybe the formula for Bitcoin is the one where we got it right and when the dollar collapses, in the true free market that will result, when we have a free market for media of exchange, then Bitcoin will be the winner and Bitcoin will be the superior medium.  Who’s to say.

What’s really exciting is that this innovation is occurring despite the government’s quasi-monopoly on currency.  While a lot of people will have tried things like silver-backed currencies or the Liberty Dollar and ended up in jail, they haven’t been able to have nearly the success, in terms of actually becoming a medium of exchange, for a significant segment of commerce as Bitcoin has.  So Bitcoin is proving itself, at least in this controlled market, as an alternative, to be extremely effective to provide people with a way to opt-out from the US dollar.

Do you think that poses an inherent threat to the establish system?

Absolutely.  In fact, I’m surprised that there hasn’t been a serious government crackdown attempt on Bitcoin because it is a huge threat to the government fiat currency scam.  It is a huge threat to the Federal Reserve.

We’re seeing the same thing in Greece.  Just today there was a story from The Guardian, Greece develops cashless, Euro-free currency in tight economy, they are developing barter networks so people can get away from the Euro system.  I think it’s going to be a bottom-up transition, what you’re going to see is people at the community level or at the Internet level, global community with Bitcoin, they are going to develop these economies that are going to at some point start competing with the main sort of corporatist economy and you’re going to have big enough companies developing based on these alternate currencies and big enough systems that first the system is going to try to incorporate them but eventually it’s going to supplant them because an economy where people have an honest currency is always going to be more productive to one which the currency is a mechanism of exploitation and hidden taxation.

Would Bitcoin being a decentralized currency play into that as well?

That might be the only thing that is keeping the government from cracking down.  If it wasn’t for the government quasi-monopoly in the first place then it might even be more effective, it might be able to develop more freely without some of those constraints.  Not that there necessarily should be a central authority, I think that’s part of what’s so exciting about it is that there isn’t a central authority.  Who knows, perhaps with some kind of bureau or central management thing or central market or website, Bitcoin might even be more effective but, at least for now, I think that’s one of the things that is protecting the Bitcoin system from government intervention.

Do you think fractional-reserve banking could happen once Bitcoin stabilizes and gets enough usage?

The difference is, in the fiat currency system that we have with the dollar, fractional-reserve banking allows banks to actually issue dollars that don’t exist.  Having one dollar in the bank allows you to loan out ten.  The difference is that, with Bitcoin, me having one Bitcoin in my wallet doesn’t allow me to loan ten of my friends one Bitcoin each, on the promise that they’ll bring it back, because I can’t actually print another Bitcoin.  I can’t just put the money in their account and say “Well, I just created it based on fractional-reserve banking”.  I have to tell them what’s happening.

It’s true that fractional-reserve banking, in and of itself, isn’t a bad thing.  Fractional-reserve banking is a product of free market banking.  It’s just that when it’s given the authority by government to actually create new dollars then it becomes a problem and another source of inflation but it can happen in a way that’s natural and accountable to the free market, in the way that money saved is able to be leveraged in the form of loans and development.

If I have one Bitcoin and I want to loan out ten and actually give people something effective to use, I can’t just create more Bitcoins and hand them more Bitcoins in the way that a bank doing fractional-reserve can effectively just create an account and create some money in it because they say that they have the reserves to back it up at a fraction or whatever is approved by the government.  I can only issue certificates and promissory notes and say “Here’s a promissory note for one Bitcoin and if you bring this back, I will redeem it for a Bitcoin”.  Then it’s based on the credibility of my institution and me as an individual, not on special privileges granted by government.

So, yeah, fractional-reserve banking, in one form or another, will exist with Bitcoin eventually and will be a product of the free market, in that sense, but the parameters will be different.  It won’t be in a destructive way that banks are able to create value out of nothing but a way that banks handling Bitcoin are actually properly leveraging their savings to maximize its effectiveness in development of the economy.

There’s a bit of a stigma surrounding Bitcoin, as is common with new innovations and ways of thought.  What do you think is the best approach to address that and help people rise above it, or is it best ignored?

Well, if the attack on good ideas is a resistance by people who are acting out of insecurity, which is usually fueled by some form of emotional insecurity, then the best revenge, as always, is living well.  The best approach to those nay-sayers is to simply engage and be more prosperous as a result of using alternative currencies.  And I can’t say that I’m there yet.  I can’t say that I’m living up to my own advice there, yet, in terms of Bitcoin because I just started accepting it.  I haven’t taken in anything significant and I’m not really using it in a systematic way, although I’d love to find better ways of incorporating Bitcoin into my general business operations.  Really that’s the only answer.

Humans are creatures of pragmatism and the thing that’s ultimately going to win people over is the demonstrated effectiveness of what we’re doing.  Already, for someone as arrogant as me to suggest that I would have any considerable effect considering that the Bitcoin market is exploding, in and of itself, and that’s the best argument for it.

You already mentioned that you’re surprised that the government isn’t trying to crackdown on Bitcoin, surely legislation is possible to outlaw it.  Do you foresee that happening?

The government will start to crackdown on Bitcoin when it sees that the Federal Reserve system’s monopoly is challenged significantly by it or one of their client corporations sees it as a threat.  When that happens, yeah, you’re going to see an attempt to take-out Bitcoin but it’s been so cleverly instituted in such a decentralized way that there won’t really be anything they can do about it.  It will be too late.

How would you like to see the future of Bitcoin play out?

That’s kind of an anti-libertarian question.  To say “How is it going to work in a free market?” because the premise of libertarianism is “I don’t know” and being willing to say that “I don’t know” is okay and being willing to understand that human nature is good and freedom will lead to human-beings doing good things and that by forcing some vision that you have on people through government is to deny the “I don’t know” of what the market will produce from flowering to its true potential.  So I don’t want to say what I want Bitcoin to be because it would be a meaningless stance when, really, what Bitcoin will become will be determined by the market.

However, with that caveat, I will say that I would like to see the Bitcoin system become a political force, become a threat to the Federal Reserve, become a common talking point and become part of the vernacular when people talk about government economic policy and especially monetary policy and say “Well, there’s the Federal Reserve and then there’s Bitcoin.”

Personally, beyond killing the Fed, I don’t really care what happens to Bitcoin.  I care that there is freedom, I care that the market is able to be the determinant of how goods and services are distributed in an economy, not the force of government, and I think Bitcoin is going to play a major role in that.  I think Bitcoin is going to be one of the major factors challenging the Fed as the dollar collapses, as the Euro collapses, as we see the banksters try to institute a new global fiat currency and we come to this showdown between those who believe in free market money and those who believe in central, government-controlled money.  I have high hopes for Bitcoin being not just a talking point but as a community of people who use Bitcoin as a major factor and a major player in that conversation and in bringing down the Fed.

Adam vs. The Man broadcasts five days a week at www.AdamVsTheMan.com with a two-hour special on Sundays.  Kokesh’s first book, Hot Dirty and Dangerous, details his experience fighting in Fallujah and will be available soon for free.  He’s also currently available for speaking events and can be contacted directly via email at adam@adamvstheman.com.

 

  • Anonymous

    The only way to improve this article would be to include a link for “investing” (donating) to keep Adam on the air:

    https://www.adamvstheman.com/invest

  • http://twitter.com/mrtruli its_haze

    Excellent interview.

  • austinhamman

    this guy doesnt seem to understand the fractional reserve system, its not “i have 1 dollar and i loan out 10″ its “i have 10 dollars and i loan out 1″ or more likely “i have 10 dollars and i loan out 6″
    the problem with fractional reserve is that they pretend this loaned out money was created out of nothing, the loaned money is called money, and the saved money (including the part where the two overlap) is called money. so they had 10, they loaned out 6, and they say they have 16. that’s the problem with fractional reserve. and it is a system that would always pop up…because they can. because people accept credit and it makes the bank money.
    the federal reserve creating money has nothing to do with fractional reserve, it has to do with them printing or destroying money to increase or decrease the amount of money in the system and thus cause inflation or deflation. unrelated to fractional reserve, the bitcoin program does this but in an algorithmic way.

    also his claim that the government couldnt take down bitcoin is correct, but naive. its true it couldnt fully destroy bitcoin, it would still have use on the black market and amongst criminals but honest stores wouldnt deal in them. if the government says dealing in bitcoins is a crime most honest stores would stop dealing in bitcoin, the value of bitcoin would plummet, and only the black market would keep it going. bitcoin needs the people using it to believe they are doing something legal, and that they arent going to lose everything based on the capricious whims of the government.

    over all, not bad interview, but still not showing any major insight.

    • http://elbitcoin.org majamalu

      “Also his claim that the government couldnt take down bitcoin is correct, but naive. its true it couldnt fully destroy bitcoin, it would still have use on the black market and amongst criminals but honest stores wouldnt deal in them.”

      Yeah, just as honest people do not evade taxes or use drugs, because the government doesn’t like it. C’mon! What they call “the black market” is the real market, and it is huge.

      • austinhamman

         i specifically said the black market would still go strong, but that honest businesses, which is what bitcoin really needs, would not offer to sell in bitcoins if its illegal to do so.
        already some businesses are trepid to try accepting bitcoins because if the government says tomarrow that bitcoins are illegal, their bitcoins become worthless, they LOST money…a lot. bitcoin is being held back already for fear of what the government will do, and if it does deem it illegal then we will see a LOT less places selling things with bitcoins, a number of the existing services would likely be shut down (such as mtgox) because they want to be legal, they want to know their money is safe.
        black market things like drugs, weapons, human trafficking, assassinations, etc those things would be relatively unaffected, because they ARENT trying to be legal.

        • http://elbitcoin.org majamalu

          “i specifically said the black market would still go strong, but that honest businesses (…)”

          You keep saying that black market equals dishonest market. Not true. To have a market you need voluntary interactions, so you can remove “assassinations” from your list – that’s usually a government business (think of wars, for example).

          They call “black markets” to markets in which they can’t easily interfere.

          The point is, if Bitcoin becomes the money of the black markets, its value will soar, and “honest businesses” will be more than eager to accept it as payment under the table.

          • austinhamman

            strictly speaking black market does mean a market the government has no regulation over, but thats being a little pedantic. when someone says black market they mean markets dealing in things which are illegal and/or immoral.
            also assassinations fits on the list, there is voluntary interaction:
            person A wants someone killed, person B offers to kill that person for a price, person A pays B and B kills C. and this isnt just for governments, its also for cheating husbands/wives, or just people you dont like. and there is a market out there dealing in bitcoins for this purpose.
            the value of bitcoins is based on their purchasing power, that means there needs to be not just drugs, porn, weapons, and illegal services in the market, there needs to be the mundane: candy, food, utilities, gasoline, video games. there are a number of markets offer legitimate goods and service online but a great number of them do so only because its legal to do so, if they were running the risk of having their business shut down they would stop dealing in bitcoins.

          • http://elbitcoin.org majamalu

            And what about the risk of going broke trying to comply with existing laws?

            Strangely, you keep forgetting the will of person C.

          • austinhamman

            everyone deals in fiat money of their country. they arent running the risk of going broke because they dont use bitcoins, no more than if they didnt deal in bitcoin, they just deal in the currency of their country.
            very few people are gonna risk being arrested to accept an alternate currency, especially if they arent doing anything that would run that risk if they just used the standard currency, most people just put their head down and try to get by however they can and avoid as much trouble as possible. thats where most businesses are.

            as for assassination, the will of person C doesnt mater, it doesnt make it not a market, no more than the will of the slave makes the slave market not a market, or the will of the sheep make the animal market not a market. person A deal with person B for a service (to kill C) and C isnt a part of this. assassination is a market just the same as any good or service. a very immoral market, but still a market.

          • http://elbitcoin.org majamalu

            “very few people are gonna risk being arrested to accept an alternate currency”

            Just wait…

            “assassination is a market just the same as any good or service”

            Ok, it is a market in which the State is the clear winner (hundreds of millions of assassinations in less than a century).

        • http://blademccool.myopenid.com/ BladeMcCool

          All it means is to cash out the business would have to engage in one black market transaction to be done with it. I think most businesses would swallow that pill if they had to, if they wanted to get out of bitcoins and otherwise continue operating legit. Don’t live in fear, just use cryptography. Remember this mantra “We do not have control of any bitcoins”.

    • http://twitter.com/byrongibson Byron Gibson

      Was going to mention the same thing about fractional reserve, he clearly doesn’t understand it.

      Brief example:  Fractional Reserve Ratio set by the Fed is 10%.  Bank A has $100, so it can loan out *up to* $90, no more.  Eg, it must keep 10% of its deposits in reserve, unloaned.

      However, when Bank A loans that $90, the borrower deposits it into Bank B.  Then Bank B loans out $81 of that $90 deposit, keeping 10% ($9) in reserve.  

      That borrower then deposits the $81 into Bank C, which then loans out $72.90 of its $81 deposit, keeping 10% ($8.10) in reserve.

      Etc. etc and so forth.  Eventually you wind up with a chain of banks that have continuously reloaned the same money, each keeping just 10% of their deposit in reserve.  You can use the Money Multiplier to see how much money is ‘created’:

      d = original deposit ($100 in this case)
      R = Reserve Ratio
      m = Money Multiplier = 1/R
      M = Money created

      M = d*m = d*(1/R) = $100*(1/10%) = $100*(1/.10) = $100*10 = $1000

      So with a 10% fractional reserve ratio, a $100 initial deposit can turn into $1000, assuming every bank in the chain loans the maximum amount possible (90% of the deposit).

      The crucial thing to understand is that no individual bank can ‘print money’, or lend out more money than it has in deposits.  This is probably one of the biggest misunderstandings of people just figuring out how the banking system works.

      But the system as a whole can multiply the original deposit many times its amount by reloaning over and over under fractional reserve.

      Wikipedia has probably the best explanation of this I’ve yet seen, along with a nice table and graph demonstrating the money multiplier effect much better than I can write it:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_reserve#Example_of_deposit_multiplication

      • Henry B.

        There is no misunderstanding in this article in regards to FRB. What Kokesh is talking about is CORRECT. He is simply talking about one single bank relending all of it but that is no different than having a different bank for each loan. Either way new commercial bank money is created, in the former case it happens to be the same bank all the way, in the latter case it’s all those banks together.

        In the Kokesh example it goes like this. Bank A has $100. Reserve ratio is 10%. Bank gives a loan of $90 and puts $10 to reserves. Then the bank issues an IOU for the $90, basically just entering it electronically to his bank account. Now that same bank can use this $90 to do the same thing, putting $9 to reserves and then lending out the remaining $81 of this IOU.

        So what happens is that the banks are actually never lending central bank money, which is the real hard currency. They are lending IOU’s using reserve ratios. I think the misunderstanding here came from the fact that in the Kokesh example he is using only 1 bank all the way, the same bank lends and then uses loan deposits in its own accounts to relend, effectively creating a hell of a lot of new money from thin air.

        In Byron’s example the same thing happens but there just happens to be other banks involved in the process. The principle is the same.

      • http://www.RyanTaylorDesigner.com Ryan Taylor

        “So with a 10% fractional reserve ratio, a $100 initial deposit can turn into $1000, assuming every bank in the chain loans the maximum amount possible (90% of the deposit).”
        How is that different from “Having one dollar in the bank allows you to loan out ten”?

      • austinhamman

         yeah that is what annoys me, because…its clearly fraud. you have 100 and claim to have 190, this whole system is clearly an unbalanced equation which works only til it doesnt, once enough people default on their loans the whole chain breaks, either the banks crash taking a lot of peoples money with it or the gov bails them out taking everyone’s money with it.
        and we regularly see as the economy gets better bankers get more confident and give out riskier loans and more of that 90% this increases the chance of a crash, and when that happens the whole thing collapses and we are in a recession. and when we finally dig out of that recession the banks can feel more confident making risky loans again and the whole thing repeats.

        if the banks had to lend out their OWN money, maybe this wouldnt happen. if they couldnt pretend to make money maybe it wouldnt be so ephemeral, if they werent allowed to gamble with their customers’ money maybe we wouldnt see this constant cycle of recession. i say we mark fractional reserve as fraud.

    • http://twitter.com/byrongibson Byron Gibson

      And I agree about government taking down bitcoin.  I wish people would stop claiming governments can’t take down bitcoin, they very well could if they decide to.  

      Like you said, just make it illegal to deal with, and prosecute legit businesses that accept it, or something along those lines.  If it threatens the banking system and the Fed’s monopoly money, they’ll try to find a way.

      People need to stop poking the sleeping dragon in the eye and just let it sleep.  Thankfully the project is led by people like Gavin Andreesen who are more pure technologists and less political.

      • http://blogs.forbes.com/jonmatonis/ Jon Matonis

        Governments can decree that bitcoin is banned but ironically that will only serve to legitimize it because people would begin to see it as a currency. Outlawing gold contracts did not diminish gold. From a law enforcement perspective, they can only poke around the edges just as with BitTorrents.

        Also, Gavin’s non-profit role has never had a political element so thankfully there are others that can frame the political analysis. I say keep poking the dragon. Currencies don’t marginalize the State; people using currencies marginalize the State.

        • http://twitter.com/byrongibson Byron Gibson

          I don’t think gold is comparable in this instance.  It served as money for all of human history until just over forty years ago, and its legitimacy is still part of people’s muscle memory, so to speak.  Hence, diminishing or delegitimizing gold is an uphill battle, whereas it’s the opposite case with bitcoin, which has comparatively zero track record and familiarity.

          Bitcoin’s best chance at legitimization in the minds of the general public is for it to become widely used for legal commerce, not black market stuff.  Especially when people realize it solves problems like annoyingly slow ACH transfers.  

          Achieve that for a number for years, until it becomes clear that any black market dealings in bitcoin are just fringe, long-tail stuff, rather than the most common use of it (like cash), and bitcoin will be well on the way to legitimization.

          But for that to happen, it needs time, and if supporters lay down gauntlets and egg on governments to try to ban it, it won’t get the time it needs to mature in the mind of the general public before governments start seriously cracking down on it.  It’s already very much on the FBI’s radar, as I’m sure you know (http://cryptome.org/2012/05/fbi-bitcoin.pdf).

  • Brill Galt

    ____Solution: 10% Tipping Point____

    We should consider creating a massive legal war chest for when the time comes to deal with the criminal terrorist organization that is the U.S. government.  To outlaw Bitcoin overtly or by miring it down in regulation, to my knowledge, is unprecedented.  Previously “banned” currencies or instruments have been against currencies of foreign governments.    
    Legally, as of now, you are only required to use government money when dealing with the government (i.e. taxes) AND the evil money must be accepted if given for private debts.  There is NO LAW prohibiting a buyer and seller using any other currency that they both agree on.  Tomorrow you could open up a store which accepts 2 Mauritanian Ouguiya for a can of Coca Cola…but you must accept the U.S. dollar — at gunpoint by government thugs.

    The lesson here is this: we must create “ecosystems” of Bitcoin to such an extent that one could carry out at least 1 day of transactions via Bitcoin: say put gas in the car, order pizza, and pay a bill.  Making a small video of this (“Bitcoin Challenge: A Man Uses Only Bitcoin for One Day”) will be a milestone and an excellent promotion.  There is NO LAW against this.  

    And here’s the final nail: There is scientific evidence that when the number of people COMMITTED TO AN IDEA reaches 10% or more IT CAN NOT BE STOPPED.

    http://phys.org/news/2011-07-minority-scientists-ideas.html 
    10%.  We WILL do it.  It WILL happen.Dear U.S. government.  That thunderstorm you hear is the march of Bitcoin on the horizon.  It is the sound freedom — and of inevitability. You have been put on notice.

  • Jay

    Comment re: Austin Hamman and others who spec the issue of gpu/cpu availabilities and bitmining ASICs ..  this is in fact an early proof of success;  the major advantage of a bitcoin economy is its tie to technological (in)efficiency ..   what remains to be done is to have a metric demoing the use of bitmining as a technical efficiency that can be traced back to the technology providers:  this should result in an escalation of technological efficiency as the alternative takes hold, whereas in the reserve economy you have some advancements and security controls on the materia of exchange in physical currencies, but the artificial inflation/deflation guesswork and public behavioral counterpoint to being manipulated, though effective, only advances certain locked down elite interests in the name of “security”.  It would take a better mind than mine, but a depreciating currency is actually beneficial to the tech industry — although the ones who get stuck on the bottom end of capacity need to be counted on some way to develop efficient use of resources that can trickle up.  If that problem can be solved — let’s say by eg aggregating effective code usage across certain hardware in ways that keeps bloatware honest but adds potential fulcra of value in the more efficient technologies keeping code capacity honest, there would be a countercurrent to depreciation and overcapacity, and will also demonstrate the demand curve to moderate the technology curve in this specialization.  It is useful therefore as a reservoir of digital literacy and, expanded into the prototyping services arena, would be effective in providing a miniscule ratio analytic to complement jobs data (which may or may not be jiggered by authorities) ..